In recent years, digitalization has impacted nearly every industry—and the paper industry is no exception. The study “Digital Transformation in the Paper Industry: Assessing Maturity, Challenges, and Opportunities”, published in the journal Sustainability (Othen, Padberg, Möbitz & Gries, 2025), examines the current state of digital maturity in the paper industry, identifies key challenges, and explores the opportunities presented by digital transformation.
Why is digital transformation important for the paper industry?
Traditionally characterized by stable production processes that have stood the test of time, the paper industry faces increasing pressure to digitalize in an increasingly interconnected world where efficiency, sustainability, and flexibility are crucial. The study argues that companies that do not actively embrace digital transformation risk falling behind:
“Digital technologies not only offer efficiency advantages but also open up new business models and markets.” (Othen, Padberg, Möbitz & Gries, 2025)
Study methodology: How was digital maturity measured?
Researchers employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to assess digital maturity in the paper industry, including:
- Surveys of industry experts: Over 100 executives from the paper industry were surveyed about their experiences with digital technologies.
- Case study analysis: The study examined specific companies that have already implemented successful digitalization strategies.
- Maturity models: Digital maturity was divided into different stages, from initial (first steps) to optimized (fully integrated digital processes).
Key findings of the study
a) Digital maturity has room for improvement
Despite some companies in the paper industry already using digital technologies, the study indicates that the majority of the industry is still in the early stages of digital transformation:
- 40% of companies are in the initial phase, where initial digital tools are being introduced.
- 35% are in the integration phase, where digital technologies are increasingly integrated into existing processes.
- Only 25% of surveyed companies have achieved a high level of digital maturity, where data-driven decisions and automated processes are standard (Othen, Padberg, Möbitz & Gries, 2025).
b) Challenges on the path to digitalization
The study identifies three main barriers to digital transformation:
- Technological hurdles: Implementing new technologies requires investments not only in software and hardware but also in training and skilled personnel. Many companies struggle with outdated IT infrastructure and a lack of qualified personnel (Karl Isler, o. d.).
- Cultural change: Digital transformation is not just a technical challenge but also a cultural one. Resistance within the workforce, fear of change, and insufficient digital skills complicate the transformation. The authors emphasize:
“The success of digitalization depends not only on technology but primarily on the willingness of employees to embrace new ways.” (Othen, Padberg, Möbitz & Gries, 2025)
- Data security and privacy: With digitalization comes an increased risk of cyber-attacks. Companies must invest significant resources in security measures to protect sensitive production and customer data (Univio, 2024).
c) Opportunities and potential of digital transformation
Despite these challenges, the study highlights significant benefits that digitalization can bring to the paper industry:
- Efficiency gains: Automated processes and data-driven decisions can reduce production costs and improve product quality (Voith, 2024).
- Sustainability: Digital technologies enable more precise resource management, leading to reduced energy consumption and waste (Modellfabrik Papier, 2024).
- New business models: Digitalization opens up opportunities for personalized products, data-driven services, and new distribution channels. An example is the use of IoT technologies for predictive maintenance of machinery (Karl Isler, o. d.).
Other relevant factors and digital solutions
In addition to the challenges identified in the study, there are other factors critical to the digital transformation of the paper industry.
One key aspect is managing large volumes of data. The paper industry generates immense amounts of data across the entire value chain—from raw material procurement through production to logistics. Effectively capturing, storing, and analyzing this data poses a significant challenge. However, with the use of big data analytics, companies can transform these data volumes into valuable insights. Modern IT services enable real-time data processing, optimizing production processes and early detection of maintenance needs (Karl Isler, o. d.).
Another issue is the shortage of skilled personnel and the need for digital competencies. The lack of qualified professionals with digital skills significantly complicates the implementation of digitalization projects. Companies can address this challenge through targeted training programs and collaboration with technology partners. User-friendly digital tools can also increase acceptance of new technologies and facilitate the transition (Karl Isler, o. d.).
Sustainability and decarbonization also play a crucial role. Reducing COâ‚‚ emissions and implementing sustainable production methods are central concerns of the paper industry. Intelligent systems enable real-time monitoring and control of energy consumption. By using sensors and data analysis, companies can optimize their energy and resource consumption, contributing to decarbonization (Voith, 2023).
Recommended actions for companies
Based on the study results and further analysis, the following recommendations emerge:
- Gradual digitalization: Companies should begin with small-scale initiatives and conduct initial pilot projects before implementing broader changes.
- Investment in training: Training and further education for employees are crucial to support cultural change.
- Partnerships and collaborations: Working with technology providers and startups can facilitate access to new innovations.
- Focus on data security: Implementing robust security measures is essential to gain the trust of customers and partners.
The future of the paper industry is digital
Digital transformation offers significant opportunities to the paper industry—from efficiency gains to more sustainable production processes and new business models. At the same time, the transformation requires investment, commitment, and a willingness to question traditional structures. Companies that embrace this challenge can not only secure their competitiveness but also actively contribute to shaping Industry 4.0.
“Digitalization is not a one-time project but a continuous process of adaptation and innovation.” (Othen, Padberg, Möbitz & Gries, 2025)
Further information:
You can read the full study here: Digital Transformation in the Paper Industry
Â
References
Karl Isler (o.d.). Digitalisierung in der Papierindustrie: Wie IT-Services den Wandel     unterstützen.
Modellfabrik Papier (23.05.2024). Forest on the way to the digital twin for the paper industry.Â
Othen, S., Padberg, A., Möbitz, T., & Gries, T. (2025). Digital Transformation in the Paper      Industry: Assessing Maturity, Challenges, and Opportunities. Sustainability, 17(2), 770. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/2/770
Univio (06.02.2024). The 10 biggest challenges of digital transformation.Â
Voith (09.04.2023). Next Level: Voith Paper Customer Magazine.
Voith (11.10.2024). Next Level: Voith Paper Customer Magazine.Â
